![]() 27, 1961: Saturn 1, the rocket for the initial Apollo missions, is tested for the first time.įeb. May 25, 1961: In a speech before Congress, President John Kennedy announces that an American will land on the moon and be returned safely to Earth before the end of the decade. May 5, 1961: Mercury Freedom 7 launches on a Redstone rocket for a 15-minute suborbital flight, making Alan Shepard the first American in space. ![]() 12, 1961: The Soviet Union launches Venera to Venus, but the probe stops responding after a week.Īpril 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space with a 108-minute flight on Vostok 1 in which he completed one orbit. 7 anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution, Field Marshall Mitrofan Nedelin ignored several safety protocols and 126 people are killed when the R-16 ICBM explodes at the Baikonur Cosmodrome during launch preparations.įeb. 24, 1960: To rush the launch of a Mars probe before the Nov. 17, 1959: NASA's X-15 hypersonic research plane, capable of speeds to Mach 6.7, makes its first powered flight. 12, 1959: The Soviet Union's Luna 2 is launched and two days later is intentionally crashed into the Moon. 7, 1959: NASA's Explorer 6 launches and provides the first photographs of the Earth from space. May 28, 1959: The United States launches the first primates in space, Able and Baker, on a suborbital flight.Īug. 11, 1960, launch of Discover 13 that film is recovered successfully. first spy satellite, but it is not until the Aug. 28, 1959: NASA launches Discover 1, the U.S. the contract to manufacture the Mercury capsules.įeb. launches Luna 1, which misses the moon but becomes the first artificial object to leave Earth orbit. The announcement came just six days after NASA was founded. Keith Glennan publicly announces NASA's manned spaceflight program along with the formation of the Space Task Group, a panel of scientist and engineers from space-policy organizations absorbed by NASA. 31, 1958: Explorer 1, the first satellite with an onboard telemetry system, is launched by the United States into orbit aboard a Juno rocket and returns data from space. 6, 1957: A Vanguard TV-3 carrying a grapefruit-sized satellite explodes at launch a failed response to the Sputnik launch by the United States. 3, 1957: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2 with the first living passenger, the dog Laika, aboard.ĭec. The Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States begins. ![]() 4, 1957: A modified R-7 two-stage ICBM launches the satellite Sputnik 1 from Tyuratam. ![]() 14, 1947: American test pilot Chuck Yeager breaks the sound barrier for the first time in the X-1, also known as Glamorous Glennis. Bliss, Texas, with six other German rocket specialists. 29, 1945: Wernher von Braun arrives at Ft. 3, 1942: Germany successfully test launches the first ballistic missile, the A4, more commonly known as the V-2, and later uses it near the end of European combat in World War II. 18, 1930: The dwarf planet Pluto is discovered by American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Ariz. July 17, 1929: Robert Goddard launches a rocket that carries with it the first set of scientific tools - a barometer and a camera - in Auburn, Mass. March 16, 1926: Robert Goddard, sometimes referred to as the "Father of Modern Rocketry," launches the first successful liquid-fueled rocket. Mid-1700s: Hyder Ali, the Sultan of Mysome in India, begins manufacturing rockets sheathed in iron, not cardboard or paper, to improve their range and stability. ![]()
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